CLV and CAV are actually concepts used much more broadly than just laserdiscs.
CAV really just means: "the disc spins at a constan RPM" and CLV really just means: "the disc slows down in RPMs as it plays".
Vinyl records are CAV (spin at a constant RPM), as well as hard drives. CDs (CD audio and CDROM) are CLV.
(a point of note: most CLV laserdisc aren't actually CLV, but are actually CAA...)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_linear_velocityQuote:
Constant Angular Acceleration (CAA) is a variant of CLV that is used on the Laserdisc format. The initial specification of CLV (as it applies to laserdisc) results in several playback artifacts to be present in the audio/video portion as well as compatibility problems with Laserdisc players as produced by different manufacturers. In the mid 1980s, Pioneer Electronics introduced the CAA scheme where the speed in rotation of the Laserdisc was lowered in steps and eliminated most playback artifacts and compatibility problems. Since its introduction, most manufacturers of Laserdiscs adopted the CAA format but still referred to their CAA-encoded product as CLV.