I was watching an old Discovision title I have, http://www.lddb.com/laserdisc/48991/GM-222/Something-Extra:-Options-and-Accessories-(1980), and towards the end of the disc, the movie starts to go into an almost super speed, like it's on Fast forward. The voices go all high and crazy and minutes go by in seconds. I had this happen to me once before with my CAV version of The Little Mermaid, the last 5 minutes of side 2 flew by in less than a minute.

Is there a name for this phenomena, or does anyone know what may cause it? Also, is there any remedy?

Might have just been them fitting the last 5 minutes into the disc. Some TV movies are like that. They speed them up a little just to make them shorter. You speed it up to 1.2x and you dont notice the difference. I bet they just didnt want to waste another disc.

It's caused by a form of skipping. Unlike "laser lock", in which the pickup becomes stuck one one track, playing back the audio & associated video endlessly in a kind of accidental still-frame, this is an accidental plus-speed in which the pickup starts skipping tracks. The most likely cause is a combination of disc warp & poor tracking.